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  1. Courses

1/1172 - Somali Literature II

courses
ID:
1/1172
Duration (hours):
48
CFU:
8
SSD:
Languages and Literature of Africa
Located in:
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI "L'ORIENTALE"
Url:
Course Details:
COMPARATIVE LANGUAGES AND CULTURES/PERCORSO COMUNE Year: 3
Year:
2026
  • Overview
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Overview

Date/time interval

CICLO ANNUALE UNICO (28/09/2026 - 28/05/2027)

Syllabus

Course Objectives

Somali language I-II-III

I: Knowledge of Standard Somali at a basic level; of the rudiments of grammar and vocabulary useful in day-to-day contexts along with a basic knowledge of everyday life of the Somalis.

II: Intermediate level of grammatical knowledge and a wider vocabulary, a greater understanding of aspects of Somali life.

III: More advanced level of grammar and vocabulary. Reading texts and listening to recordings on more diverse topics, including aspects of Somali society and culture as well as current affairs.


Ability to apply knowledge and understanding.

I: The course enables students to communicate in Somali in common situations. They will be able to reply to simple questions and to translate simple texts from and to Somali. They will know words useful in everyday situations. This all comes from applying what is learned.

II: The course gives students the ability to communicate at an intermediate level. They will be able to understand and use the language in a variety of communicative situations and also to listen to audio and video recordings on simple topics. They will be able to read intermediate texts on various subjects.

III: Students will be able to read advanced texts in prose and will be able to speak and to write with greater confidence and fluency on a variety of topics.


Independent judgement.

I, II and III: Knowledge of the language at each level allows the students to communicate with independent judgement at each particular level.

II: Greater knowledge of the culture and society allows students to engage in culturally appropriate ways among Somalis.

III: Advanced knowledge allows for communication with independence of judgement and in an independent way in Somali society.


Communicative abilities.

I, II: The ability to communicate at a basic level (year 1) and at intermediate level (year 2) in Somali in daily everyday situations.

III: The ability to communicate at a more advanced level in Somali in a variety of situations.


Ability to learn.

I, II: The first year allows for learning at the second year level and the second year level allows in turn for learning at the third year level.

III: After three years of study it is possible to study at the magistrale level or independently.


Somali Literature I, II

I: The educational objective is to provide a basic introduction to Somali literature, both oral and written. A selection of poems and extracts of prose literature will be read. The results of the learning are knowledge of the genres of Somali literature, themes in the literature, literary history and major figures and examples of their work. A couple of literary works will be read in Somali, but mostly in translation at this level.

II: The objective of the course is to develop the ability to read poems and literary texts in prose in Somali. In addition the course provides a deeper understanding of the formal, literary and aesthetic characteristics. Ideas related to the concept of literature in Somali will be discussed through looking at the development of modern poetry and the relation with the development of the modern song.


Ability to apply knowledge and understanding.

I: The course is designed to give the students the knowledge and the methodological tools necessary for presenting concepts related to the course in both written and oral form. They will moreover learn more Somali vocabulary and knowledge of the grammar through reading literary works. Students will be able to show an understanding of literary characteristics in Somali and also of the relation between literature and social circumstances both in the past as well as in the present. They will have knowledge of some of the major figures in Somali literature and of their works.

II: The teaching of the course brings to the students a greater knowledge of Somali literature and of the concepts related to its development. They will acquire a certain knowledge of literary language: specific grammatical structures in poetry and literary usage of the language in the historical contexts of individual works.


Further expected results of the learning.

Independent judgement.

I: The course will help to develop the critical skills of students and independence of judgement relating to the literary works more generally. It will help moreover to develop their linguistic skills in Somali and their cultural awareness.

II: The course will help to develop advanced linguistic skills in Somali and in critical judgement of the students regarding Somali literature, in this way it will also develop these with respect to comparative literature more generally and with respect to cultural awareness.


Communicative abilities.

I: Through studying Somali literature, students will acquire knowledge of the use of terms related to literary study, whether those specific to Somali or more general ones. They will be able to communicate ideas related to Somali literature and culture and also to comparative literature more widely.

II: Literature and poetry in particular play a great part in daily life among the Somalis and so knowledge of poetry will contribute to the communicative skills of students in Somali contexts, not only linguistically but also culturally. They will also be able to communicate on issues in comparative literature, in particular poetry.


Ability to learn.

I: The course Somali Literature I will provide knowledge allowing for undertaking more detailed study of literary works in Somali Literature II.

II: The course Somali Literature II will provide knowledge allowing for undertaking more advanced study of Somali literature. It will also provide help with developing a personal appreciation of Somali literature and songs.


Course Prerequisites

Prerequisites
None for Somali Language I, Somali Language I for Somali Language II and Somali Language II for Somali Language III.
What the courses prepare for
Somali Language I allows for the study of Somali Language II.
Somali Language II allows for the study of Somali Language III.
Somali Language III enables students to study the Somali language at magistrale level.
Prerequisites
For Somali Literature I: Somali Language I
For Somali Literature II: Somali Language II e Somali Literature I
What the courses prepare for
Somali Literature I allows students to study Somali Literature II.
Somali Literature II allows students to study Somali literature at magistrale level.

Teaching Methods

Somali Language I, II, III
Teaching methods
Year I: The course runs for 54 hours. Some classroom lessons will be dedicated to the explanation of grammatical issues and others will be dedicated to practising those; reading texts and conversation exercises in the language. Homework will be assigned regularly.
Year II: The course runs for 54 hours. Classroom lessons will be dedicated to the explanation of grammatical issues and other lessons will be dedicated to practising those, to reading texts, listening to recordings and watching videos along with written and oral exercises based on those. Homework will be regularly assigned.
Year III: The course runs for 54 hours. Some classroom lessons will be dedicated to the explanation of grammatical issues but most of the lessons will be dedicated to reading texts, listening to recordings and watching videos along with written and oral exercises based on those. Homework will be regularly assigned.
Somali Literature I, II
Teaching methods
Year I: The course will consist in (1) classroom lessons in which the teacher presents information and issues on themes of the programme and (2) classes in which the students and the teacher read literary works together and in which the works are discussed.
Year II: The course will consist in (1) classroom lessons in which the teacher presents information and issues on themes of the programme and (2) classes in which the students and the teacher read literary works together and in which the works are discussed. The students will participate actively in the lessons and in the discussions on literary works.

Assessment Methods

Evaluation methods
Somali language
Year I: Evaluation will consist in (1) a written test and (2) an oral exam. The final written text consists of translating into Somali and replying to some questions in Somali. The oral exam consists of reading a text in Somali, replying to questions based on the text, a simple conversation, responding to independent questions and translating into Somali. The oral exam will be held in Somali and Italian or English, the written test will be in Somali and Italian or English. The elements on which the evaluation is based in the written test are accuracy in the use of grammar and vocabulary. In the oral exam, the most important things are pronunciation in reading, in the conversation use of correct words and clear communication, with less emphasis on any small grammatical errors if they do not impede comprehension, and, in the translation part, accuracy in the use of grammar and vocabulary.
Year II: The evaluation consists in: (1) a written test, (2) and oral exam and (3) four evaluated written tests during the course which consist in various exercises on grammatical issues. The final written test consists in reading a text and answering questions on it, and translating to and from Somali. The oral exam consists in reading a text and replying to questions on it (reading it a couple of times will be allowed), a conversation in Somali, translation of a text from Italian or English into Somali. The oral exam will be conducted in Somali and Italian or English and the written tests will be done in Somali and Italian or English. The elements on which the evaluation is based in the written test are accuracy in the use of grammar and vocabulary. In the oral exam, the most important things are pronunciation in reading, and in the conversation use of correct words and clear communication, with less emphasis on any small grammatical errors if they do not impede comprehension.
Year III: The evaluation consists in: (1) writing an essay of 1200 words in Somali during the course on a topic chosen in consultation with the teacher. This is to be submitted at the end of the teaching weeks. Also there will be (2) a written test consisting in a translation from and a translation into Somali; and (3) an oral exam which consists of reading a text and having a conversation based on it and listening to a radio recording or watching a video recording and having a conversation based on that (repeating parts of the recording will be allowed).

Somali literature
Year I: Evaluation will consist in (1) an essay of 2500 words in Italian or English on a topic of the student's choice to be decided in consultation with the teacher and (2) an oral exam on three topics covered during the course. The essay will be evaluated on the basis of the understanding of the topic and the relevance of points and arguments made; on originality and innovative ideas on the topic where appropriate; on the structure and coherence of the essay and the use of appropriate academic style and referencing. The oral exam will be assessed on the accuracy and depth of knowledge of the topics and on the student's own thoughts and reactions regarding some of the topics, in particular, reactions to some of the literature read during the course.
Year II: Evaluation will consist in (1) an essay of 3500 words in Italian or English on a topic of the student's choice to be decided in consultation with the teacher and (2) an oral exam on three topics covered during the course. The essay will be evaluated on the basis of the understanding of the topic and the relevance of points and arguments made; on originality and innovative ideas on the topic where appropriate; on the structure and coherence of the essay and the use of appropriate academic style and referencing. The oral exam will be assessed on the accuracy and depth of knowledge of the topics and on the student's own thoughts and reactions regarding some of the topics, in particular, reactions to some of the literature read during the course.

Texts

Somali language
Year I
Orwin, M. 1995, 2007. Colloquial Somali. London: Routledge.
Panza, Bruno. 1974. Af Soomaali: Grammatica della lingua somala con piccolo vocabolario in appendice. Firenze, Le Monnier.
Materials will be provided.

Year II Teaching materials will be provided.
Abdullahi Omar Mansur and Annarita Puglielli. 1999. Barashada Naxwaha Af Soomaaliga. London: Haan Associates.
Agostini, F et al. 1985. Dizionario somalo-italiano. Roma: Gangemi Editore.
Puglielli, A et al. 1998. Dizionario italiano-somalo. Roma: Carocci Editore.
Zorc, R. David and Madina M. Osman. 1993. Somali-English Dictionary with English Index (3rd edition). Kensington, Maryland: Dunwoody Press.

Year III
Teaching materials will be provided during the course such as reading texts, audio files and grammar notes.

Somali literature
Year I
Ali Jimale Ahmed. 1996. Daybreak is Near.: Literature, Clans and the Nation-State in Somalia. The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville NJ and Asmara.
Andrzejewski, B.W. 1984. ‘Somali prose fiction writing 1967-81’, in T. Labahn (ed.) Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Somali Studies: Volume 1 Linguistics and Literature, Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg, pp. 379-410.
Andrzejewski, B.W. 1985. ‘Somali Literature’, in B.W. Andrzejewski et al (eds) Literatures in African Languages: Theoretical Issues and Sample Surveys, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 337-407.
Antinucci, Francesco and Axmed Faarax Cali “Idaajaa”. 1986. Poesia orale somala: storia di una nazione. Studi somali 7. Il Bagatto, Università di Roma, Roma.
Axmed Cartan Xaange. 2014. Folk Songs from Somalia. Roma Tre Press, Rome.
Cristina Ali Farah. 2018. Il Teatro Popolare Somalo 1940-1990. Rome Tre Press, Roma.
Johnson, John. 1974. Heellooy Heelleellooy: The Development of the Genre Heello in Modern Somali Poetry. Indiana University, Bloomington.
Orwin, Martin. 2003. ‘On the concept of ‘definitive text’ in Somali poetry’, Bulletin of SOAS, 66/3: 334–347. [Reprinted in slightly edited form in Oral Tradition, 20/2 (2005): 278-299.]
Puglielli, Annarita (ed.). 1988. Aspetti Dell’Espressione Artistica in Somalia. Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma.
Herbert, W.N. and Said Jama Hussein. 2018. So at One with You: An Anthology of Modern Poetry in Somali. The Poetry Translation Centre, London; Ponte Invisibile, Pisa and Kayd Somali Arts and Culture, London.
Yaasiin Cismaan Keenadiid. 1984. Ina Cabdille Xasan e la sua attività letteraria. Istituto Universitario Orientale, Napoli.

Year II
Further references, translations and a list of texts available online will be provided during the course. Translations and texts on the literature are in Italian and English. The teacher will provide all the main texts to read along with notes and vocabulary lists to help the students with more complex texts. Other texts include some in the texts in the list for Year I.
Herbert, W.N. and Said Jama Hussein. 2018. So at One with You: An Anthology of Modern Poetry in Somali. The Poetry Translation Centre, London; Ponte Invisibile, Pisa and Kayd Somali Arts and Culture, London.
Johnson, John. 1974. Heellooy Heelleellooy: The Development of the Genre Heello in Modern Somali Poetry. Indiana University, Bloomington.
Kapteijns, Lidwien. 2009. ‘Discourse on moral womanhood in Somali popular songs, 1960-1990’. Journal of African History, 50: 101-22.
Orwin, M. 2000. ‘A literary stylistic analysis of a poem by the Somali poet Axmed Ismaciil Diiriye ‘Qaasim’ ’. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 63(2): 194-214.
Orwin, M. 2020. ‘Crafting modern Somali poetry: Lyric features in ‘Fad Galbeed’ by Gaarriye and ‘Xabagbarsheed’ by Weedhsame’. Journal of African Languages and Literatures 1: 110-140.
Rashiid Sheekh Cabdillaahi ‘Gadhweyne’ (ed.), Martin Orwin (translator), Axmed Aw Geeddi and Ismaaciil Aw Aadan (collectors). 2009. War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali Literature. Progressio, London and Ponte Invisibile, Pisa.

Contents

Course Title: Somali I-II-III
List of topics
Year I
1 Pronunciation, writing, pitch accent, phonology; 2 Morphology of suffixing verbs (conjugations 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B) in all tenses in main clauses; 3 The imperative and its use; 4 Prefixing verbs (yidhi, yiqiin, yimi e yiil); 5 Parts of the verb yahay (to be); 6 Stative verbs of conjugation 4 / adjectives; 7 Nouns: declensions, gender and formation of the plural; 8 Nominal determiners: the definite articles,demonstratives, possessives and their pronominal use; 9 Possessive constructions and some usages; 10 Subject and object pronouns and their use, independent pronouns; 11 Preverbal particles and pronouns and some combinations; 12 The focus markers and other sentence particles; 13 Word order; 14 Personal names and the vocative; 15 Numbers, dates, the time etc.; 16 Vocabulary in general areas of daily life: greetings, common actions, daily routine, eating and drinking, at home, transport and travel, the weather, shopping, the university.
Year II
1 Use of the conjunctions ee and oo; 2 Relative clauses, in-clauses and adverbial relative clauses; 3 Negative subordinate clauses; 4 Negative questions; 5 Focus in questions; 6 More detail on the use of subject pronouns with baa, ayaa and waa; 7 the conditional; 8 The positive optative; 9 Texts and recordings on some simple topics relating to Somali society; 10 Conversation practice.
Year III
1 The potential mood; 2 The negative optative; 3 Focus in negative sentences; 4 More on syntax; 5 Texts and recordings on various topics related to Somali society and current affairs in the Horn of Africa; 6 Exercises and conversations on topics in the above texts and recordings.

Course Title: Somali Literature I-II
Year I
1 Poetic form: metre and alliteration; 2 Poetry and performance and its relation with music; 3 Folkloric literature, traditional hees; 4 Overview of the development of poetry from the nineteenth century to the present (this topic will form the main part of the course); 5 Plays and the theatre; 6 The development of prose: novels; 7 Songs; 8 The concepts hees and maanso.
Year II
1 Aesthetics in Somali poetry: what makes a good poem? 2 The concept of voice in Somali poetry; 3 Thinking about ‘early’ and ‘modern’ poetry in Somali; 4 Poetry and politics in historical perspective; 5 The development of hees; 6 The development of written prose fiction; 7 Contemporary songs: form and importance of modern love songs; 8 Translation of Somali literature.

Course Language

Italian or English and Somali at more advanced levels.

Degrees

Degrees

COMPARATIVE LANGUAGES AND CULTURES 
Bachelor's Degree
3 years
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People

People

ORWIN MARTIN
SH4_9 - Theoretical linguistics; computational linguistics - (2022)
Gruppo 10/STAA-01 - CULTURE E LINGUE ANTICHE E MODERNE DELL'AFRICA E DELL'ASIA OCCIDENTALE E CENTRALE
AREA MIN. 10 - Scienze dell'antichita,filologico-letterarie e storico-artistiche
Settore STAA-01/I - Lingue e letterature dell'Africa
SH5_2 - Theory and history of literature, comparative literature - (2022)
SH5_3 - Philology; text and image studies - (2022)
Professori/esse Associati/e
No Results Found

Other

Main module

Somali Literature II
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