54
Indian and Tibetan Studies
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI "L'ORIENTALE"
Overview
Date/time interval
Syllabus
Course Objectives
TIBETAN LANGUAGE I aims to provide students with A basic knowledge
of the literary and spoken Tibetan language. Students will learn the
formal calligraphic style (dbu med) and acquire the fundamental notions
of the phonology, morphology and grammar of the classical and modern
Tibetan language. By the end of the course Students should demonstrate
of having developed basic oral communication skills at elementary level,
be able to be able to identify types of sentences, identify simple
grammatical structures, use a dictionary.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
Upon completion of this first year of the course, students will need to
have acquired a knowledge of the basic vocabulary and main
grammatical structures of modern Tibetan to understand and produce
simple oral sentences and written texts. The student must have acquired
the linguistic knowledge, methodological tools and cultural skills
necessary to be able to translate and interpret simple passages in
classical Tibetan language belonging to different textual genres.
FURTHER EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Autonomy of judgment:
Students must have achieved linguistic skills and cultural skills to be
able to correctly and critically analyze simple texts in modern and
classical Tibetan in order to reach an increasing autonomy.Students
should demonstrate to have developed the necessary skills to undertake
subsequent specialised studies and deepen topics covered during the
courses.They will also have to demonstrate that they know how to apply
basic research knowledge in consulting secondary sources and
dictionaries.
Communication skills:
Students should achieve communication skills corresponding to level A1.
TIBETAN LANGUAGE II, III
COURSE OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES:
The courses aim to provide the students with an in-depth knowledge of
literary and spoken Tibetan language. Students will improve their
knowledge of the grammar of the classical and modern Tibetan language
. They will analyze and translate literary texts of medium difficulty.
Students should reach an intermediate level of spoken Tibetan and
acquire the capacity of using diverse linguistic registers according to the
contexts.
TIBETAN LANGUAGE III
The course aims at refining and consolidating the translation skills
acquired by the students during the previous years. The program
includes a translation laboratory during which students will be guided in
translating literary texts. both prose and poetry, and improve their
communication skills.
The students will refine their methodological skills in order to continue
their academic studies or pursue a carrier in in linguisti and cultural
mediation.
Upon completion of the third year of the course, Student will need to
have acquired an upper intermediate knowledge level of the classical
and modern Tibetan language. Students must demonstrably achieve
their own methodology and will be able to contextualise each reading in
order to correctly interpret the relevant terminology and critically argue
their translation choices. Furthermore, students should be able to
compose texts relating to topics that are of personal interest, to express
experiences and events and to briefly explain the reasons for their
opinions and plans.
TIBETAN LANGUAGE II, III
FURTHER EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Autonomy of judgment
Students should have developed linguistic and cultural skills necessary
to correctly and critically analyze texts in modern and classical Tibetan of
medium and advanced difficulties.
Communication skills:
The students should acquire communication skills corresponding to
levels A 2 and B1.
TIBETAN LITERATURE I; II
Objectives and expected learning outcomes
The course intends to provide a synthetic picture of the history of the
formation of religious schools and their literary canons produced by
Tibetans over the centuries. The course is aimed at providing students
with critical skills in the study of Tibetan literature as a whole.
At the end of the course, the student must demonstrate to have achieved
an adequate knowledge of the topics covered and to have refined their
skills to critically read and analyse historical and literary texts, to present
and discuss the contents of the sources by using an appropriate
vocabulary.
Course Prerequisites
PREREQUISITES
Tibetan Language I:
None
PREREQUISITES TIBETAN LANGUAGES I AND II:
Tibetan Language I is preparatory to the Tibetan Language II and III;
Tibetan language II is preparatory to Tibetan Language III
Teaching Methods
The language courses are divided into frontal lectures held with the help of PowerPoint presentations. The lessons are also integrated with laboratories and held by the CEL professor.
The literature courses will mainly focus on Tibetan literary genres.
The courses make use of Our University's Moodle and Teams e-learning
platforms for the assignments, self-assessment exercises, and additional
materials of various kinds.
Assessment Methods
The exam of Tibetan language I is divided into: 1) a written test (online) and 2) an oral test (in person)
1) The written exam is preparatory to the oral exam. It includes
transliteration and writing exercises, grammar exercises, translations of
sentences from and in Tibetan, and short passages from classical
Tibetan.
2) The final oral test consists of reading and translating of short
sentences and a short and simple conversation in Tibetan, evaluated by
the CEL professor.
The exam will be held in Italian and Tibetan; it may also be held in
English, if requested by the candidate.
Evaluation criteria:
The written test is evaluated out of thirty, and each exercise is given a score according to this criterion. The ability to express oneself correctly according to various linguistic registers of the spoken Lhasa Tibetan is
evaluated. Students' translation skills and methodologies aimed at recognising the grammatical structures will be assessed.
During the oral exam, their conversational competence will be assessed.
Tibetan language II and III:
ASSESSMENT METHODS
The exam is divided into: 1) a written test and 2) an oral one.
1) The written exam is preparatory to the oral exam. It includes grammar
exercises, translations of sentences from and into Tibetan, and short passages from classical Tibetan.
2) The final oral test consists of the reading and translation of a Tibetan
text, short conversation in Tibetan with the CEL.
The exam will be held in: Italian and Tibetan; it may also be held in
English if requested by the candidate.
Evaluation criteria:
The written and oral exams are assessed in thirtieths, therefore each
written exercise is given a score according to this criterion. The ability to
express oneself correctly in the various registers of the spoken language
and to know how to orient oneself in translating classical Tibetan texts
through the recognition of the grammatical structures will be assessed.
Specifically, students will have to demonstrate that they have become
familiar with with the specialized terminology of the translated texts and
that they know how to apply the translation methodologies learned
during the course.
Literature I-II:
The final exam will be oral. Students' critical and analytical skills in
discussing the studied Tibetan literary genres and the ability to situate
the discourses in different historical contexts will be examined.
the exam will be held in: Italian or English, and tibetan.
Evaluation criteria:
The evaluation will be based mainly on the skills acquired by students in
analyzing and understanding the classical and modern Tibetan scriptural
sources and literary genres.
Texts
Bibliography
Tibetan Language I
H. Bartee, Nyima Droma. A Beginning Textbook of Lhasa Tibetan. National Press for Tibetan Studies, 2000.
N. Tournadre and Sanga Dorje. Manual of Standard Tibetan Language and Civilization, Snow Lion Publications, Itaca,
New York, 2003.
J. Bialek. A Textbook In Classical Tibetan. Routledge, 2022.
C. Simon, F. Robin, N.Dorje. Le Tibétain parlé: exercises pratique Volume 1. Presses de l’Inalco, 2023
Tibetan Language II
N. Tournadre and Sanga Dorje. Manual of Stardard Tibetan Language and Civilization, Snow Lion Publications, Itaca,
New York, 2003.
S. Hodge. An Introduction to Classical Tibetan, Aris and Philips, Warminster, 1990.
M. Goldstein. Essentials of Modern Literary Tibetan: A Reading Course and Reference Grammar, University of
California Press; 1991.
Selected tales from:
Bde skyid bzang mo (ed.). Dpal dgon phags pa’i klu sgrub kyis mdzad pa’i ro langs gser ‘gyur gyi kyi
chos sgrung nyer gcig pa rgyas par phye ba bzhugs so. Bod longs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, Lhasa, 2006.
Bstan ’dzin dge legs et al. (eds.). Spang rgyan me tog, n. 2, 2007, Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, Beijing.
Blob zang ’jams dpal et al. (eds). A khu stong pa. Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, Lhasa, 2005.
Tibetan Language III
M. Goldstein. Essentials of Modern Literary Tibetan: A Reading Course and Reference Grammar, University of California Press; California 1991.
Selected texts from:
Y. Bentor. A Classical Tibetan Reader Selections from Reknown Works
with Custom Glossaries, Wisdom Publications, Somerville, 2013.
Bde skyid bzang mo (ed.). Dpal dgon phags pa’i klu sgrub kyis mdzad pa’i ro langs gser ‘gyur gyi kyi
chos sgrung nyer gcig pa rgyas par phye ba bzhugs so. Bod longs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, Lhasa, 2006.
Bstan ’dzin dge legs et al. (eds.) Bod kyi dmangs srol gces btus. “Span rgyan me tog” rtsom sgrig khang nas rtsom
sgrig byas. Mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, Beijing, 1999.
Literature I and II
Selected chapters from :
Lopez, Donald S. (ed. and transl.) 2009. In the Forest of Faded Wisdom: 104 Poems by Gedun Chopel. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2009.
José Ignacio Cabezón, Roger Jackson, Tibetan Literature Studies in Genre, Snow Lion 1996
L. Hartley, P. Schiaffini-Vedani (eds.). Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change, Duke University Press, Durham and London, 2008.
Suggested dictionaries:
Chandra-Das, Sarat. (ristampa 1975). Tibetan-English Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. Versione digitale consultabile on-line.
Goldestein Melvin C. (Author), Shelling T.N. (Editor), Surkhang J.T(Editor),
Robillard Pierre (Contributor). The New English–Tibetan Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. University of California Press, California, 2001.
On-line and digital dictionaries:
1) “Dharma dictionary” : http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Main_Page
2) “The Tibetan and Himalayan Library dictionaries”: http://www.thlib.org/reference/
3) “Christian Steinert dictionary”: https://dictionary.christian-steinert.de/#home 4) Monlam dictionaries: https://monlamit.com
Contents
1st Year:
- Phonetics (alphabet, superscripts, subscripts, prefixes, suffixes, and double suffixes)
- Spelling
- Punctuation system
- Scientific transliteration and use of the dictionary
- Introduction to the study of basic grammar and syntax of modern and classical Tibetan
- Analysis and translation of classical Tibetan texts
- Oral exercises and guided translation of passages proposed by the instructor
- Assignment of tasks
2nd Year:
- Voluntary and involuntary verbs
- Verb formers (byed, gtong, rgyag, bzo)
- Connectors and temporal particles
- Connectors and causal particles
- Gerunds
- Nominalizers: rgyu, yag/yas; pa/ba
- Conditional forms and hypothetical constructions
- Enumerative particles
- Adverbial use of particles bzhin par and bzhin du
- Concessive particles
- Purpose/finality particles
- The construction “before doing” (ma bya tshig gong la)
- The construction “not only... but also” (ma zad, ma tshad, mi tshad)
- The auxiliary verb dgos and all its functions
- The verb zhu (zhus)
- Auxiliaries: myong, srid, bzo
- Auxiliaries indicating the completion of an action (tshar, zin, grub)
3rd Year:
18. Emphatic negative particles (rtsa ba nas, gang yang, gtan nas, khyon nas, rgyun nas)
19. Expressing desire and will (using sems, mos, blo)
20. Constructions with modal value (thub, shes, dgos, ’dod, snying ’dod)
21. Constructions expressing certainty or probability
22. Derived adjectives
23. Adjectival construction with los
24. Constructions with je, je; adjective followed by ru with ’gro/gtong
25. Verbal constructions with la and gar
26. Constructions with the verb ’gyur
27. The verb ran
Classical and Literary Tibetan:
Analysis and translation of narrative texts subsumed under the categories of hagiography (rnam thar), fable and folktale (gtam rgyud; sgrung gtam;srog chags gtam rgyud; dmangs khrod kyi gtam rgyud).
Tibetan Language II
Tales of Akhu ston pa; the textual cycles of the ro langs the enchanted corpse that tells stories (see bibliograpby); Selected folk tales from the literary journal Spang rgyan me tog.
Tibetan Language III
Guided translation of selected texts from A Classical Tibetan Reader (see bibliography), specifically the Zang gling ma, the hagiography of Padmasambhava; the rnam thar of Mi la ras pa.
Additional texts are selected from the Ro sgrung (Tales of the Corpse) and Bod kyi dmangs srol gces btus (Anthology of Tibetan Folk Traditions)
TIBETAN LITERATURE I-II: INTRODUCTION TO RELIGIOUS CULTURE AND TIBETAN LITERATURE
MAJOR TIBETAN LITERARY GENRES:
Historiographies
Hagiographies
Poetry
Epic literature
Canonical literature
Revealed literature: The treasures
Bon literature
Medical literature
Religious geography
Modern and Contemporary literature with a special focus on the literary production of Ge ’dun chos ’phel (1903–1951) and Don grub rgyal (1953–1985)
Course Language
Italian or English if necessary
More information
Students enrolled in the Archaeology degree program may arrange a customized syllabus with the instructor, tailored to their academic needs and learning objectives.
Practical exercises, cultural insights, and the use of authentic Tibetan materials (texts, audio, video) are included.
Both classical and modern Tibetan will be covered throughout the program.
Office hours for one-on-one tutoring are available. Regular attendance is strongly encouraged.