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0000787 - TIBETAN LANGUAGE I

courses
ID:
0000787
Duration (hours):
54
CFU:
9
SSD:
Indian and Tibetan Studies
Located in:
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI "L'ORIENTALE"
Url:
Course Details:
Oriental and African Languages and Cultures/Percorso Comune Year: 1
Year:
2025
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Overview

Date/time interval

CICLO ANNUALE UNICO (29/09/2025 - 29/05/2026)

Syllabus

Course Objectives

TIBETAN LANGUAGE I aims to provide students with A basic knowledge 

of the literary and spoken Tibetan language. Students will learn the 

formal calligraphic style (dbu med) and acquire the fundamental notions 

of the phonology, morphology and grammar of the classical and modern 

Tibetan language. By the end of the course Students should demonstrate 

of having developed basic oral communication skills at elementary level, 

be able to be able to identify types of sentences, identify simple 

grammatical structures, use a dictionary. 

ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING 

Upon completion of this first year of the course, students will need to 

have acquired a knowledge of the basic vocabulary and main 

grammatical structures of modern Tibetan to understand and produce 

simple oral sentences and written texts. The student must have acquired 

the linguistic knowledge, methodological tools and cultural skills 

necessary to be able to translate and interpret simple passages in 

classical Tibetan language belonging to different textual genres. 

FURTHER EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES 

Autonomy of judgment: 

Students must have achieved linguistic skills and cultural skills to be 

able to correctly and critically analyze simple texts in modern and 

classical Tibetan in order to reach an increasing autonomy.Students 

should demonstrate to have developed the necessary skills to undertake 

subsequent specialised studies and deepen topics covered during the 

courses.They will also have to demonstrate that they know how to apply 

basic research knowledge in consulting secondary sources and 

dictionaries. 

Communication skills: 

Students should achieve communication skills corresponding to level A1. 

TIBETAN LANGUAGE II, III 

COURSE OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES: 

The courses aim to provide the students with an in-depth knowledge of 

literary and spoken Tibetan language. Students will improve their 

knowledge of the grammar of the classical and modern Tibetan language 

. They will analyze and translate literary texts of medium difficulty. 

Students should reach an intermediate level of spoken Tibetan and 

acquire the capacity of using diverse linguistic registers according to the 

contexts. 

TIBETAN LANGUAGE III 

The course aims at refining and consolidating the translation skills 

acquired by the students during the previous years. The program 

includes a translation laboratory during which students will be guided in 

translating literary texts. both prose and poetry, and improve their 

communication skills. 

The students will refine their methodological skills in order to continue 

their academic studies or pursue a carrier in in linguisti and cultural 

mediation. 

Upon completion of the third year of the course, Student will need to 

have acquired an upper intermediate knowledge level of the classical 

and modern Tibetan language. Students must demonstrably achieve 

their own methodology and will be able to contextualise each reading in 

order to correctly interpret the relevant terminology and critically argue 

their translation choices. Furthermore, students should be able to 

compose texts relating to topics that are of personal interest, to express 

experiences and events and to briefly explain the reasons for their 

opinions and plans. 

TIBETAN LANGUAGE II, III 

FURTHER EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES 

Autonomy of judgment 

Students should have developed linguistic and cultural skills necessary 

to correctly and critically analyze texts in modern and classical Tibetan of 

medium and advanced difficulties. 

Communication skills: 

The students should acquire communication skills corresponding to 

levels A 2 and B1. 

TIBETAN LITERATURE I; II 

Objectives and expected learning outcomes 

The course intends to provide a synthetic picture of the history of the 

formation of religious schools and their literary canons produced by 

Tibetans over the centuries. The course is aimed at providing students 

with critical skills in the study of Tibetan literature as a whole. 

At the end of the course, the student must demonstrate to have achieved 

an adequate knowledge of the topics covered and to have refined their 

skills to critically read and analyse historical and literary texts, to present 

and discuss the contents of the sources by using an appropriate 

vocabulary. 


Course Prerequisites

PREREQUISITES 

Tibetan Language I: 

None 

PREREQUISITES TIBETAN LANGUAGES I AND II: 

Tibetan Language I is preparatory to the Tibetan Language II and III; 

Tibetan language II is preparatory to Tibetan Language III 


Teaching Methods

The language courses are divided into frontal lectures held with the help of  PowerPoint presentations. The lessons are also integrated with laboratories and held by the CEL professor. 

The literature courses will mainly focus on Tibetan literary genres. 

The courses make use of Our University's Moodle and Teams e-learning 

platforms for the assignments, self-assessment exercises, and additional 

materials of various kinds. 


Assessment Methods

The exam of Tibetan language I is divided into: 1) a written test (online) and 2) an oral test (in person) 

1) The written exam is preparatory to the oral exam. It includes 

transliteration and writing exercises, grammar exercises, translations of 

sentences from and in Tibetan, and short passages from classical 

Tibetan. 

2) The final oral test consists of reading and translating of short 

sentences and a short and simple conversation in Tibetan, evaluated by 

the CEL professor. 

The exam will be held in Italian and Tibetan; it may also be held in 

English, if requested by the candidate. 

Evaluation criteria: 

The written test is evaluated out of thirty, and each exercise is given a score according to this criterion. The ability to express oneself correctly according to various linguistic registers of the spoken Lhasa Tibetan is 

evaluated. Students' translation skills and methodologies aimed at recognising the grammatical structures will be assessed. 

During the oral exam, their conversational competence will be assessed. 

Tibetan language II and III: 

ASSESSMENT METHODS 

The exam is divided into: 1) a written test and 2) an oral one. 

1) The written exam is preparatory to the oral exam. It includes grammar 

exercises, translations of sentences from and into Tibetan, and short passages from classical Tibetan. 

2) The final oral test consists of the reading and translation of a Tibetan 

text, short conversation in Tibetan with the CEL. 

The exam will be held in: Italian and Tibetan; it may also be held in 

English if requested by the candidate. 

Evaluation criteria: 

The written and oral exams are assessed in thirtieths, therefore each 

written exercise is given a score according to this criterion. The ability to 

express oneself correctly in the various registers of the spoken language 

and to know how to orient oneself in translating classical Tibetan texts 

through the recognition of the grammatical structures will be assessed. 

Specifically, students will have to demonstrate that they have become 

familiar with with the specialized terminology of the translated texts and 

that they know how to apply the translation methodologies learned 

during the course. 

Literature I-II: 

The final exam will be oral. Students' critical and analytical skills in 

discussing the studied Tibetan literary genres and the ability to situate 

the discourses in different historical contexts will be examined. 

the exam will be held in: Italian or English, and tibetan. 

Evaluation criteria: 

The evaluation will be based mainly on the skills acquired by students in 

analyzing and understanding the classical and modern Tibetan scriptural 

sources and literary genres. 


Texts

Bibliography 

Tibetan Language I 

H. Bartee, Nyima Droma. A Beginning Textbook of Lhasa Tibetan. National Press for Tibetan Studies, 2000. 

N. Tournadre and Sanga Dorje. Manual of Standard Tibetan Language and Civilization, Snow Lion Publications, Itaca, 

New York, 2003. 

J. Bialek. A Textbook In Classical Tibetan. Routledge, 2022. 

C. Simon, F. Robin, N.Dorje. Le Tibétain parlé: exercises pratique Volume 1. Presses de l’Inalco, 2023 

Tibetan Language II 

N. Tournadre and Sanga Dorje. Manual of Stardard Tibetan Language and Civilization, Snow Lion Publications, Itaca, 

New York, 2003. 

S. Hodge. An Introduction to Classical Tibetan, Aris and Philips, Warminster, 1990. 

M. Goldstein. Essentials of Modern Literary Tibetan: A Reading Course and Reference Grammar, University of 

California Press; 1991. 

Selected tales from: 

Bde skyid bzang mo (ed.). Dpal dgon phags pa’i klu sgrub kyis mdzad pa’i ro langs gser ‘gyur gyi kyi 

chos sgrung nyer gcig pa rgyas par phye ba bzhugs so. Bod longs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, Lhasa, 2006. 

Bstan ’dzin dge legs et al. (eds.). Spang rgyan me tog, n. 2, 2007, Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, Beijing. 

Blob zang ’jams dpal et al. (eds). A khu stong pa. Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, Lhasa, 2005. 

Tibetan Language III 

M. Goldstein. Essentials of Modern Literary Tibetan: A Reading Course and Reference Grammar, University of California Press; California 1991. 

Selected texts from: 

Y. Bentor. A Classical Tibetan Reader Selections from Reknown Works 

with Custom Glossaries, Wisdom Publications, Somerville, 2013. 

Bde skyid bzang mo (ed.). Dpal dgon phags pa’i klu sgrub kyis mdzad pa’i ro langs gser ‘gyur gyi kyi 

chos sgrung nyer gcig pa rgyas par phye ba bzhugs so. Bod longs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, Lhasa, 2006. 

Bstan ’dzin dge legs et al. (eds.) Bod kyi dmangs srol gces btus. “Span rgyan me tog” rtsom sgrig khang nas rtsom 

sgrig byas. Mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, Beijing, 1999. 

Literature I and II 

Selected chapters from : 

Lopez, Donald S. (ed. and transl.) 2009. In the Forest of Faded Wisdom: 104 Poems by Gedun Chopel. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2009. 

José Ignacio Cabezón, Roger Jackson, Tibetan Literature Studies in Genre, Snow Lion 1996 

L. Hartley, P. Schiaffini-Vedani (eds.). Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change, Duke University Press, Durham and London, 2008. 

Suggested dictionaries: 

Chandra-Das, Sarat. (ristampa 1975). Tibetan-English Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. Versione digitale consultabile on-line. 

Goldestein Melvin C. (Author), Shelling T.N. (Editor), Surkhang J.T(Editor), 

Robillard Pierre (Contributor). The New English–Tibetan Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. University of California Press, California, 2001. 

On-line and digital dictionaries: 

1) “Dharma dictionary” : http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Main_Page 

2) “The Tibetan and Himalayan Library dictionaries”: http://www.thlib.org/reference/ 

3) “Christian Steinert dictionary”: https://dictionary.christian-steinert.de/#home 4) Monlam dictionaries: https://monlamit.com 


Contents

1st Year:


  1. Phonetics (alphabet, superscripts, subscripts, prefixes, suffixes, and double suffixes)
  2. Spelling
  3. Punctuation system
  4. Scientific transliteration and use of the dictionary
  5. Introduction to the study of basic grammar and syntax of modern and classical Tibetan
  6. Analysis and translation of classical Tibetan texts
  7. Oral exercises and guided translation of passages proposed by the instructor
  8. Assignment of tasks

2nd Year:


  1. Voluntary and involuntary verbs
  2. Verb formers (byed, gtong, rgyag, bzo)
  3. Connectors and temporal particles
  4. Connectors and causal particles
  5. Gerunds
  6. Nominalizers: rgyu, yag/yas; pa/ba
  7. Conditional forms and hypothetical constructions
  8. Enumerative particles
  9. Adverbial use of particles bzhin par and bzhin du
  10. Concessive particles
  11. Purpose/finality particles
  12. The construction “before doing” (ma bya tshig gong la)
  13. The construction “not only... but also” (ma zad, ma tshad, mi tshad)
  14. The auxiliary verb dgos and all its functions
  15. The verb zhu (zhus)
  16. Auxiliaries: myong, srid, bzo
  17. Auxiliaries indicating the completion of an action (tshar, zin, grub)

3rd Year:

18. Emphatic negative particles (rtsa ba nas, gang yang, gtan nas, khyon nas, rgyun nas)

19. Expressing desire and will (using sems, mos, blo)

20. Constructions with modal value (thub, shes, dgos, ’dod, snying ’dod)

21. Constructions expressing certainty or probability

22. Derived adjectives

23. Adjectival construction with los

24. Constructions with je, je; adjective followed by ru with ’gro/gtong

25. Verbal constructions with la and gar

26. Constructions with the verb ’gyur

27. The verb ran

Classical and Literary Tibetan: 

Analysis and translation of narrative texts subsumed under the categories of hagiography (rnam thar), fable and folktale (gtam rgyud; sgrung gtam;srog chags gtam rgyud; dmangs khrod kyi gtam rgyud). 

Tibetan Language II 

Tales of Akhu ston pa; the textual cycles of the ro langs the enchanted corpse that tells stories (see bibliograpby); Selected folk tales from the literary journal Spang rgyan me tog. 

Tibetan Language III 

Guided translation of selected texts from A Classical Tibetan Reader (see bibliography), specifically the Zang gling ma, the hagiography of Padmasambhava; the rnam thar of Mi la ras pa. 

Additional texts are selected from the Ro sgrung (Tales of the Corpse) and Bod kyi dmangs srol gces btus (Anthology of Tibetan Folk Traditions) 


TIBETAN LITERATURE I-II: INTRODUCTION TO RELIGIOUS CULTURE AND TIBETAN LITERATURE 

MAJOR TIBETAN LITERARY GENRES: 

Historiographies 

Hagiographies 

Poetry 

Epic literature 

Canonical literature 

Revealed literature: The treasures 

Bon literature 

Medical literature 

Religious geography 

Modern and Contemporary literature with a special focus on the literary production of Ge ’dun chos ’phel (1903–1951) and Don grub rgyal (1953–1985) 




Course Language

Italian or English if necessary


More information

Students enrolled in the Archaeology degree program may arrange a customized syllabus with the instructor, tailored to their academic needs and learning objectives.

Practical exercises, cultural insights, and the use of authentic Tibetan materials (texts, audio, video) are included.

Both classical and modern Tibetan will be covered throughout the program.

Office hours for one-on-one tutoring are available. Regular attendance is strongly encouraged.


Degrees

Degrees

Oriental and African Languages and Cultures 
Bachelor's Degree
3 years
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People

SIMIOLI CARMELA
Gruppo 10/STAA-01 - CULTURE E LINGUE ANTICHE E MODERNE DELL'AFRICA E DELL'ASIA OCCIDENTALE E CENTRALE
AREA MIN. 10 - Scienze dell'antichita,filologico-letterarie e storico-artistiche
Settore STAA-01/L - Lingua e letteratura araba
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Main module

TIBETAN LANGUAGE I
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