54
Archeology and Art History of India and Central Asia
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI "L'ORIENTALE"
Overview
Date/time interval
Syllabus
Course Objectives
OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
- Acquisition of historical and archaeological knowledge of India and Sri Lanka, highlighting the importance of coastal areas in the context of South Asian archaeology, art, and religious tradition.
- Ability to contextualize the art and archaeology of South India and Sri Lanka within a global framework, recognizing the intercultural connections that contributed to the richness of these regions’ heritage.
- Understanding the cultural and social context in which artifacts and artworks were produced, through the exploration of written sources referring to social practices and economic dynamics.
- Exploration of interdisciplinary research methodologies, promoting an approach to archaeology that integrates insights and methods from disciplines such as anthropology, history, geology, and philology.
- Critical examination of the impact of colonialism on the archaeology and art history of the region, including the political, cultural, and ethical implications of research and heritage conservation.
APPLIED KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
The course aims to provide students with the knowledge and methodological tools required for the following activities:
- Interdisciplinary analysis and interpretation of archaeological sites and coastal/riverine contexts, with specific reference to South India and Sri Lanka, in relation to trade, cult, and artistic dynamics.
- Textual sources, alongside archaeological and material data, are used to reconstruct exchange networks, cultural landscapes, and religious and artistic practices in the Indian Ocean context.
- In-depth oral and written presentation of learned content, using appropriate specialized vocabulary.
- Development of critical and original interpretations, formulating arguments based on the integration of written sources, archaeological evidence, and visual documentation.
ADDITIONAL EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Independent judgment:
- Students should be able to select and interpret relevant data to form autonomous judgments, including critical reflections on archaeological, art-historical, and socio-cultural themes addressed during the course.
Communication skills:
- Students should be able to communicate information, ideas, problems, and solutions effectively, adapting their communication to the audience and context. They should also be able to write and orally present a short individual research project, applying an archaeological approach to a specific site.
Learning skills:
- Students should be able to apply their knowledge and understanding in a way that supports progressive and increasingly independent acquisition of skills. They should be capable of constructing and defending arguments, solving problems within their field of study, and using scholarly literature in at least one modern foreign language.
Course Prerequisites
None. All topics for study and discussion will be introduced during the lectures.
Teaching Methods
The course includes lectures on the main topics, with interactive discussions based on the materials presented and the suggested readings. Lectures will be accompanied by PowerPoint presentations made available to students on the digital platform Teams to complement the assigned readings. The selection and in-class discussion of in-depth topics is considered an integral part of the teaching method. Students will be asked to work on a project paper, which will be discussed in class and during the final exam.
Assessment Methods
The exam consists of an oral test, during which the short project paper will also be discussed.
Language of the exam: Italian, or upon the student’s request, English or French.
Assessment criteria: completeness of information, correct use of terminology, analytical and critical skills.
Texts
Brancaccio, Pia. 2023. "Indo-Mediterranean Trade and the Western Deccan Ports". Byrsa 43-44.
https://unifind.unior.it/individual?uri=http%3A%2F%2Firises.unior.it%2Fresource%2Fitem%2F118008
Brancaccio, Pia. 2022. “Views from the Black Mountain: The Rock-Cut Mahāvihāra at Kānheri/Kṛṣṇagiri in Konkan.” In Early Medieval Buddhist Monasteries in South Asia, edited by A. Shimada, A. Amar Singh, and N. Morrissey, 74-88. RINDAS Working Paper Series, no. 34. Kyoto: Ryukoku University.
https://unifind.unior.it/individual?uri=http%3A%2F%2Firises.unior.it%2Fresource%2Fitem%2F119263
Brancaccio, Pia. 2020. “Monumental Rock-cut Images from Sri Lanka: New Perspectives.” In Bridging Heaven and Earth: Art and Architecture in South Asia, edited by A. Hardy and L. Greaves, 175–183. New Delhi: Dev Publishers.
https://unifind.unior.it/individual?uri=http%3A%2F%2Firises.unior.it%2Fresource%2Fitem%2F119283Tomber, Roberta. 2008. Indo-Roman Trade: From Pots to Pepper. London: Duckworth. Chapters 1, 2, 5, and 6.
De Romanis, Federico. 2014. "Ivory from Muziris." ISAW Paper 8
Muthucumarana, Rasika, A. S. Gaur, W. Chandraratne, Martijn Manders, B. R. Rao, Ravi Bhushan, Munjadas Kadam, and A. Dayananda. 2024. “An Early Historic Assemblage Offshore of Godawaya, Sri Lanka: Evidence for Early Regional Seafaring in South Asia.” Journal of Maritime Archaeology 9
Neegama, Sujatha. 2017. Sri Lanka: Connected Art Histories. Mumbai: The Marg Foundation. Chapters 1 and 2.
Tomber, Roberta. 2008. Indo-Roman Trade: From Pots to Pepper. London: Duckworth. Chapters 1, 2, 5, and 6.
Contents
The course aims to explore, through a series of case studies, the main archaeological sites located along the coasts of South Asia and provides an in-depth understanding of the historical, cultural, and environmental dynamics of the coastal regions of India and Sri Lanka through archaeology. It examines ancient ports and their material culture, coastal landscape and relations with the hinterland, maritime trade routes, cultural and religious interactions, and the concept of “Maritime Buddhism” in the Western Indian Ocean. The course also offers an overview of the archaeology of Sri Lanka, exploring major archaeological sites connected to the island’s maritime economy, the spread of Buddhism, and its principal monuments.
Topics covered and case studies:
- Bharuch (Barygaza): Riverine port and Indo-Roman trade; the Periplus Maris Erythraei, mercantile contacts, and port archaeology.
- Sopara and the Ulhas River System: Religious centers, trade hubs, and material culture during the Kshatrapa and Satavahana periods.
- The Indian Figurine from Pompeii and Satavahana Workshops
- The Purnavadana, Maritime Buddhism, and the Case of the Buddha of Berenike
- Kanheri and the Rock-Cut Buddhist Monasteries Between the Western Ghats and the Ocean
- Buddhist Monasticism in the Konkan
- Multireligious Landscapes: Śaiva art and patronage at Elephanta and Panhale Kaji in the Konkan region
- Muziris (Pattanam): Material culture, Indo-Roman trade, and the Muziris Papyrus
- Arikamedu: Indo-Mediterranean interactions along the southeastern coast of South India; comparison between Arikamedu and other Indian Ocean emporia
- Mamallapuram: Pallava art and coastal identity; rock reliefs, ritual contexts, and representations of the landscape; architectural mapping
- Mantai and the Gulf of Mannar: Ports of northwestern Sri Lanka and the pearl trade; stratigraphy and complex archaeological contexts
- The Godavaya Shipwreck: Underwater archaeology and ancient maritime routes along the southern coast of Sri Lanka
- Anuradhapura: Urbanism, control of riverine nodes and water resources, and connections to local and transoceanic trade networks; archaeology of Buddhism in Sri Lanka
- Avukana and Sasseruwa – The Colossal Buddhas: Natural environment, resources, and sacred landscape; religious sculpture and monumentality along trade route
Course Language
Italiano
More information
Additional short readings for further study will be suggested throughout the semester. The course includes a visit to the MANN, the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, to examine closely the Indian ivory figurine discovered in Pompeii.