La Cultura impresa y la imagen de la China en Europa durante el reinado de Felipe el Prudente: Bernardino de Escalante y su "Discurso de la Navegacion que los Portugueses hazen a los reinos y Provincias del Oriente, y de la noticia que se tiene de las grandezas del Reino de la China" (Sevilla, 1577).

The first book published in Spain (Seville, 1577) devoted entirely to a reasoned and agile information about China collects in the title the awareness of the relationship between diplomatic and commercial activities of the Portuguese and news about the great Asian civilizations. The quality of information is such that Ortelius in his "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum does a summary of the book of Escalante (citing the source) as a presentation of his chapter about China, appeared in the 1584 edition of the Theatrum.