Agent and speaker-oriented modality in the Arabic dialect of Benghazi (Libya)

The present work analyses the category of agent and speaker-oriented modality in the Arabic
dialect of Benghazi (Libya), a variety that was until recent years dramatically understudied, despite its
enormous interest. The denominations agent-oriented and speaker-oriented modality have been borrowed by
Bybee, Perkins & Pagliuca (1994) and Bybee & Fleischman (1995) and represent an evolution of the
categories of deontic and dynamic modality first introduced by Palmer (2001, first published in 1986). The
categories under analysis are those of obligation, necessity, ability, root possibility, permission, desire,
optative and hortative. Paths of evolutions and intersections between different classes are outlined whenever
possible (e.g. desire and necessity, permissive and causative) and the work aims at describing the system of
modals in the dialect of Benghazi within the wider context of Libyan and Maghrebi varieties.